A warm welcome to the University of Edinburgh Business School.

During your time with us, you will undertake a variety of assessments. It is expected that in the completion of these assessments, you will rely on the academic work of others. This might be published in books, academic journals, industry reports, or other sources, whether print or online.

Any sources you use in your assessments must be acknowledged. That is, they must be clearly referenced. This shows your readers the depth of your knowledge and the breadth of research you have done to support your arguments and avoid plagiarism.

Plagiarism refers to using someone's work without crediting the source. Plagiarism is considered academic misconduct and is an important offence and as such, is taken very seriously by the university.

Whether you're new to academic writing and referencing or you have referenced extensively in your previous studies, we recommend that you complete this tutorial to ensure you are aware of our expectations for your academic coursework.

 

Seth Armitage, Director of UG Programmes
|Seth Armitage,
Director of
UG Programmes|
|Ben Sila, 
Director of Postgraduate
Taught Programmes|



 

 

 

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Work through each section of the tutorial and complete the activities, the tutorial will take approximately 40 minutes.

The examples in this tutorial use the Cite Them Right Harvard style.  Cite Them Right is a comprehensive guide to referencing subscribed to by the Library.

You may have used a different style, or a different version of Harvard to cite and reference in your previous studies, you can continue to use this in your Business School coursework.  If there is a particular referencing requirement or style for your course, this will be made clear by your Course Organiser.

 

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There are 6 pages in this tutorial. You can navigate to pages by using the links in the navigation menu along the top of the screen. If you are viewing this guide on a device with a small screen, use the three Bars  horizontal lines to access the navigation menu.

You can also use the Next Page button to move to the next page.

Each page is divided into sections and there is a side navigation menu on the left of your screen for the different sections. The circle with an up arrow to the right of each section will take you to the top of the page.

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By completing this tutorial, you will be able to:

  • Identify when a citation and reference is required
  • Create a citation and reference for a source
  • Demonstrate how to integrate others work into your assignment
  • Understand what plagiarism is, how to avoid, and the potential consequences of plagiarism.
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Citing and referencing is the process used to acknowledge the books, articles and other sources used when creating your own academic work.

Watch this video to see an example of how an author has provided a citation and reference for sources they used in their article.

Transcript (opens a word document)

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This activity will provide you with examples of in-text citations, their full references, and how the in-text citations have been included in a text.

Read the extract from a journal article below and identify the in-text citations. Match the in-text citations to their full references.

Journal article extract

Leadership is subject of many discussions can be regarded from different perspectives and is mostly related to specific contexts. Hence, there is no single definition applicable to all settings and professions. Leadership is mostly regarded in relation to managing a team or organization (Gosling & Mintzberg, 2003) but can also be defined as a set of personal skills or traits, or focussing on the relation between leaders and followers (Alimo‐ Metcalfe & Alban‐Metcalfe, 2004; Bolden, 2004). Transformational and situational leadership are also commonly used concepts where transformational leadership is regarded as the process of leading and inspiring a group to achieve a common goal (Northouse, 2014) and situational leadership is focusing on the interaction between individual leadership styles and the features of the environment or situation where the leader is operating (Fiedler, 1967; Lynch, McCormack, & McCance, 2011; Hamric et al., 2014).

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The extract is from the journal article:

 Heinen, M., van Oostveen, C., Peters, J., Vermeulen, H., Huis, A., (2019) 'An integrative review of leadership competencies and attributes in advanced nursing practice', Journal of  Advanced Nursing, 75, pp. 2378–2392. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ jan.1409

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Citing and referencing is part of academic writing. It is expected that during your studies you will rely on the academic work of others, however any sources you use must be acknowledged. 

Using someone's work without crediting the source is plagiarism. Plagiarism is considered academic misconduct and is an important offence and as such, is taken very seriously by the university.

Watch the video which explains why you must cite and reference. You may also find it useful to consult:

Transcript (opens a word document) 

Watch the video below from the College of Arts and Social Sciences Webteam to learn the different forms of plagiarism, how to avoid, and the potential consequences of plagiarism.

 

How can you avoid plagiarism? from CAHSS Webteam on Vimeo.

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Read the documents below for further information on plagiarism, other examples of academic misconduct, the consequences of academic misconduct, and where to find support and help.

Examples of academic misconduct and what you can and cannot do.

The College expectations for your academic work. 

Guidance on investigations into accusations of student misconduct.

Information, advice and support, from your student association.

Clear advice from IAD on what constitutes plagiarism.

 

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The School's Academic Misconduct Officer is Sylvia Zhang.

School Academic Misconduct Officers promote academic integrity and good academic practice among students in their Schools. 

You can contact Sylvia by email.

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This video will explain when you need to cite and reference.

Transcript (opens a word document)

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This video will show you how to cite and reference a book, journal article and webpage using the Harvard style. Harvard is an author-date referencing style, examples of other referencing styles are APA and MLA.

There are different versions of Harvard, the examples in this video use the Cite Them Right Harvard style.

You may have used a different style, or a different version of Harvard in your previous studies, you can continue to use this in your Business School coursework. If there is a particular referencing requirement or style for your course, this will be made clear by your Course Organiser.

 

]]>This video will show you how to include information from other sources in your writing, following the guidance in Cite them Right.

Transcript

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Developing the ability to write in your own words can be challenging, particularly if English is not your first language.  Help and support is available from the Business School and the wider University. 

  • Postgraduate Academic Skills Set (PASS)

PASS provides you with guidance to help you write your assignments and the opportunity to choose a section of one of your written assignments to submit to PASS (up to a maximum of about 500 words) so you can receive feedback from expert academic English language teachers.

This feedback can cover how you have structured your work, your use of sources (synthesis and correct citation or referencing), how you have presented your arguments and expressed your own ideas (known as "writer's voice") and your use of academic English. 

PASS is available from Learn (your virtual learning environment) and further information will be circulated to you at the start of your course.

IAD provides study skills workshops, self-study learning resources, and advice for taught postgraduate students to help you succeed in your studies.

 

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This activity will provide you with hands-on experience of referencing a print book, ebook, journal article and web page.

Use the tabs below to view details of the sources.  Follow the guidance in Cite Them Right (or for the style you have used in your previous studies) to provide a reference.

DiscoverEd (the Library’s search tool) and/or the source will provide you with the bibliographic details needed to reference (e.g. author, date, title, publisher etc.).

You do not need to enter your references in this tutorial, use MS Word or other word processing software to write your references, and check these using the Check your references tab.

]]>The information you need to reference this print book is available from the title page and the back of the title page below.

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right: printed books (Harvard)

Book title page
Book title page
Back of the title page
Back of title page

 

]]>ebook title: Conducting research interviews for business and management students by Catherine Cassell

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right: Electronic books (ebooks)

 

]]>Article title: The role of leaders in generating management innovation

Published in: The International journal of human resource management

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right: Journal articles (Harvard)

 

]]>Webpage: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right: web pages with organisations as authors (Harvard)

 

]]>Search tools, such as DiscoverEd and Google Scholar, and publisher websites often provide a citation tool which provides a reference for the source. This can be a useful starting point to help you create your own reference.

Please note: you must check the reference for accuracy and edit to make sure it is consistent with the other references you have included in your work.

A screenshot of the DiscoverEd citation tool is below.  

citation example from DiscoverEd

]]>Print book
Atrill, P. and McLaney, E. (2017) Accounting and finance for non-specialists.10th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

ebook
Cassell, C. (2015) Conducting research interviews for business and management students. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Journal article
Su, S. and Baird, K. (2018) ‘The role of leaders in generating management innovation’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(19), pp. 2758–2779.

Webpage with an organisation as the author
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2021) Change management. Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/change/management-factsheet (Accessed: 6 August 2022).

 

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This activity will provide you with hands-on experience of writing an in-text citation for a source.

Use the tabs below to view details of the sources.  Follow the guidance in Cite Them Right (or for the style you have used in your previous studies) to provide a reference.

You do not need to enter your citations in this tutorial, use MS Word or other word processing software to write your citations, and check using the Check your citations tab.

]]>Provide an in-text citation for the quotation using the details below.

Quotation

Irrespective of specialization, the project manager ‘oversees the day to day control of the process conducted on-site including liaison with the architect/civil engineer regarding instructions, payments, progress meetings, and commercial dealings with sub-contractors’ (                             ).

Full Reference

Harris, F. and McCaffer, R. (2001) Modern Construction Management. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Page number of the quotation

p. 313

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right: setting out quotations (Harvard)

 

]]>Provide an in-text citation for the extract from a journal article below.

Extract

Note that, whilst a recent meta-analysis links trait EI to better mental health (                                      )

Reference

Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Bhullar, N. and Rooke, S. E. (2007). ‘A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health’. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 921–33.

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right: setting out citations

 

]]>Provide an in-text citation for a source that is quoted in the work you are reading using the details below. 

The book you are reading

Atrill, P. and McLaney, E. (2017) Accounting and finance for non-specialists.10th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

The author of the source referred to

John Mitchell

Page number of the quotation

p.76

Guidance is available at: Cite Them Right:How do I reference a source quoted in another author's work?

 

]]>Direct quotation

Irrespective of specialization, the project manager ‘oversees the day to day control of the process conducted on-site including liaison with the architect/civil engineer regarding instructions, payments, progress meetings, and commercial dealings with sub-contractors’ (Harris and McCaffer, 2001, p. 313).

4 or more authors

Note that, whilst a recent meta-analysis links trait EI to better mental health (Schutte et al., 2007),

Secondary reference

Mitchell (2014, quoted in Atrill and McLaney, 2017, p.76) advises...

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This section provides guidance and advice for students on the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (such as ChatGPT) within the University.

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The University's guidance for students on the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (such as ChatGPT) is available at:

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The University provides you with access to ELM - (the Edinburgh (access to) Language Models), which is the University’s AI access and innovation platform.  It provides safer access of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) via Large Language Models (LLMs). 

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The Library also offers a guide on how generative AI tools can assist with academic work. It currently covers using AI to help with literature searching and summarising. It also covers how to use AI ethically and responsibly.

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Turnitin, is a platform used to support assessment and feedback at the University of Edinburgh and other universities.  Turnitin compares the text in work submitted by students with a vast database of electronic sources, including web pages, online journal articles and previously submitted student work. 

Most of your submissions will be through Turnitin. If other systems are used in your courses, you will be given full guidance on how to submit. 

Work through the Turnitin Guide for Students below to understand:

  • What is Turnitin
  • How to submit your assignments
  • How to interpret a similarity report

Please ensure you have read the AI guidance before submitting work to Turnitin.

 

To view the Turnitin Guide for Students full screen, visit: Turnitin Guide for Students (opens in a new window) .

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The following services offer help and advice to help and advice on referencing.

The Digital Skills and Training team provide courses on software, data skills, and a series of 30 minute Bitesize courses focused on library and information skills (including referencing and reference management software).

The Institute for Academic Development offer study skills workshops, self-study learning resources, and advice for taught postgraduate students to help you succeed in your studies.

Help and advice on citing and referencing is available from the Business School Library.

Edhelp?

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